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The Settlement Bank Problem
PAPSS was built to reduce Africa's dependence on dollar correspondent banking. Its settlement backstop rests on one credit-exposed institution that lends to the same sovereigns, embedding a risk correlation that scales with adoption.
Can FinTech Become Foreign Policy?
How digital payments, financial infrastructure, and private technology companies are becoming instruments of state influence.
Africa's Financial Infrastructure Race
Why payments infrastructure may become one of the most important arenas of economic competition across Africa.
The AI Infrastructure Divide
The geopolitical implications of who controls compute, data centers, chips, cloud infrastructure, and AI models.
Who Builds the State's AI
Procurement contracts, not national strategies, determine what a government's AI systems can do and who they lock it into.
Capital Controls Meet Token Rails
Whether a capital-account perimeter can bind an asset that routes through self-hosted wallets is about to be tested at scale.
The Hedging Node
Payment-rail alignment is read as a binary choice between blocs. Some states are demonstrating that rails can be multi-homed.
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